Government Heath Program

While assistance programs for the poor have never been as popular as those for the elderly, one such program, Medicaid, became a favorite target for expansion by state and national policymakers during the fiscally conservative 1980s and early 1990s. As a result, Medicaid's expenditures began to grow at rates double that of Medicare which serves the elderly. The author explores the complex political and institutional factors, as well as the contribution of one exceptionally motivated individual, Henry Waxman, in promoting this unusual situation. Why was Medicaid singled out as virtually the only health care program expanded by Congress during these years? The answer is in the nature of the policy itself -- Medicaid's shared financing mechanism -- in which program costs are paid for jointly by the federal and state governments. Such an arrangement diffuses responsibility, increasing opportunities for shifting costs, blame, and/or credit between levels of government. This study presents numerous examples in which the federal government and states expanded the Medicaid program to serve their own interests, while shifting part or all of the cost to the other level of government. The end result was a dramatic increase in Medicaid expenditures, while those of Medicare program, funded by a single level of government, leveled off.

Over the last two decades, governments around the world have launched ambitious efforts to reform the way they manage their programs. Citizens in nations like Mongolia and Sweden, New Zealand, and the United States have demanded smaller, cheaper, more effective governments. They have also asked for more programs and better services. To resolve this paradox, governments have experimented with scores of ideas to be more productive, to improve performance, and to reduce costs. In The Global Public Management Revolution, Donald F. Kettl charts the basic models of reform that are being employed worldwide, including New Zealand's "new public management, " the U.S. effort at "reinventing government, " and related efforts in developed and developing nations. In reviewing the standard strategies and tactics behind these reforms, Kettl has identified six common core ideas: the search for greater productivity; more public reliance on private markets; a stronger orientation toward service; more decentralization from national to subnational governments; increased capacity to devise and track public policy; and tactics to enhance accountability for results. Kettl predicts that reform and reinvention will likely become mantras for governments of all stripes, requiring the instinct for reform to be hardwired into government practice. Ultimately, this strategy means coupling the reform impulse with governance -- government's increasingly important relationship with civil society and the institutions that shape modern life.

Federal Identity Program - The Federal Identity Program (FIP) is the Canadian government's corporate identity program controlled by the Treasury Board Secretariat. The purpose is to clearly identify each program and service of the government, or the Government of Canada in general.

Federal Depository Library Program - The Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) is administered by the United States Government Printing Office and was established by Congress to ensure that the American public has access to its Government's information. Since 1813, depository libraries have safeguarded the public's right to know by collecting, organizing, maintaining, preserving, and assisting users with information from the Federal Government.

Bracero Program - The Bracero Program was a joint labor program initiated in August, 1942 by the United States Federal Government and the Mexican Federal Government. The program was designed to bring skilled Mexican agricultural laborers to the United States to fill gaps in the agriculture labor market.

National Energy Program - The National Energy Program (NEP) was an energy policy of the Government of Canada. It was enacted by the government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1980, and administered by the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada).

governmentheathprogram

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